What is a pipe organ?

A pipe organ operates through a system of pipes, a wind mechanism, and controls, which include keyboards, pedals, and stops. The pipes are essential; each produces a distinct pitch depending on its length and shape. Long pipes generate low notes, while shorter pipes produce high notes. The wind system provides air, which flows through the pipes to produce sound. Early organs used manually operated bellows to pump air, while modern pipe organs usually rely on electric fans.

Keyboards, pedals, and stops

The organist plays the instrument by pressing keys on the keyboard with their hands and pedals with their feet. Each key or pedal opens a valve, allowing air to flow into a specific pipe to produce sound. Pipe organs also feature controls called stops, which open or close sets of pipes to alter the organ’s sound.

Types of pipes

There are two main types of pipes in a pipe organ: flue and reed. Flue pipes create sound by blowing air across an edge, like a whistle, producing a smooth, pure tone. Reed pipes, on the other hand, have a small metal piece called a reed that vibrates when air passes through, creating a louder, more brassy sound.

Why is the pipe organ special?

The pipe organ is cherished for its ability to produce a vast range of sounds, from soft, gentle tones to powerful, impressive crescendos. This versatility makes it ideal for religious ceremonies, concerts, and other events where a strong musical presence is needed.